There are many reasons why you may have stumbled here to this article about guitar chords.
My goal is to cover most of the big topics about learning this crucial aspect about guitar so that you’ll be well equipped to learn almost any song on Ultimate Guitar….
Or that you’ll get some of the nagging questions about them answered because your teacher or “free” course didn’t cover it.
Simply put, a guitar chord is a set of notes played together at the same time.
However, it’s not that simple to get them entirely, which is why I wrote this article…..
There’s powerchords.
There’s “open” chords.
And then there’s major, minor, barre, 7ths, sus, slash, altered, lydian, 9s 11s and 13s.
I once tried memorizing as many as possible from a chord book I bought at Austin’s music in my hometown of Oxford, MS, which was a complete waste of time as the songs I was learning only used two main types…
(I’ll get to those later in this article)
Like I said in the intro, a chord is just anything that consists of two notes played at the same time.
There’s a “dyad” like the powerchord:

There’s the basic open chords:

Maybe you’ve guessed it by now.
These are the chords that’ll get you through nearly 90% of songs out there if you’re wanting to learn the most well known riffs and chord progressions.
I really mean that!
However, you’ve got to learn about “shapes” and how to recognize them in a chord chart or diagram…..

C major is one of the easiest chords to learn first as you just need two fingers to play it.
Now I hate repeating what other articles about guitar chords and youtube videos about guitar chords have gone through, but let’s wrap it up quickly:
That’s it for READING a chord diagram. Playing these chords and switching between them is a whole other ball game I’ll get to in a later section.
I think it’s very useful to know what SHAPES to look out for first when you’re starting on chords.
This way, you’ll be able to more easily remember them and identify them when learning new songs.
We have something called the CAGED system which is a more intermediate level concept that helps with improvising guitar solos and fills, but it will help you too for you beginners out there.
Now don’t worry about seeing the CAGED pattern across the fretboard. That’s the advanced stuff.
Just remember that word/acronym: CAGED.
These are the 5 core chord shapes that’ll drive almost every riff and progression you’ll play:
The guitar is a system of chord shapes and scale patterns that interconnect and form the basis of another core musical concept called a “key signature.”
When we say we’re in C major, we’re in the key of C major. In E minor, key of E minor.
Which brings me to my next point before moving on to the next section……
What makes a chord major or minor?
Well you just learned a bunch of major chords, and I’ve been assuming you’ve started learning the notes of the fretboard. That’s very crucial if you want to memorize songs and riffs easier by the way…..
However, to the point, every major or minor chord is going to be made up of 3 notes: the root, the note creating a “3rd” from the root, and the note creating a “5th” from the root.
To keep it simple, let’s just try to turn E major into E minor.
3 notes: E (the root), G# (the 3rd), and B (the 5th)
LOWER the 3rd by one fret, to G, and keep the other two notes.
Now you have E, G, and B.
022100 has become 022000

And that’s where the other crucial shapes come from outside of CAGED, which if you’re quick you may have noticed I haven’t given you 3 of the 8 shapes I promised.
To make anything MAJOR from minor….just find the 3rd and increase it.
Now look. This is a lot of info. I get it.
This wouldn’t be a complete guide to guitar chords if I didn’t cover this.
So if you want some takeaways I can sum for ya, here they are:
Here’s a fretboard image you can save to your phone to start learning these chords as a reference:

In order to help you avoid a lot more reading, I’m going to also make some very simple videos showing some of the ideas behind switching guitar chords as easily as possible.
Basically, the easiest chord changes will be where most or all of your fingers stay in one place, like Fleetwood Mac’s “Dreams” or “Horse With No Name.”
The hardest chord changes will involve changing fretboard positions, like going from open position to the 5th fret for an example, while also changing which strings your fingers need to go to.
Here’s some other considerations to take when you start attempting to change chords:
Here a video showing exactly what I mean by minimizing movement:
I know this seems like a lot of work when you’re just reading it and trying to understand what I’m talking about.
Remember. The best thing to do now is just attempt this. No one ever gets right the first time. Everyone struggles with the basic chords at first because no one has the muscle memory yet.
And it’s really easy to forget the fingerings, to hit the wrong notes because your finger’s not in the right place, and to get your picking hand to cooperate all while playing in time with the song.
The next section is all about getting you started with trying this all out…..
So my goal here is not give you a bunch of chord changes that don’t match a song you can recognize.
Learning how to use guitar chords helps a lot if you’ve got some easy guitar chord songs to play on day one.
Hopefully this is a good enough variety to satisfy a lot of you:
Now don’t just move from section to section of this article forgetting what you just learned.
I mean look at Wonderwall. It uses 4 of the 8 shapes mentioned, basically, and playing the riff literally requires you to keep two fingers in one place for almost the entire time.
Dreams uses the same shape except it just slides from one fret position to another.
The guitar chords of Every Rose Has Its Thorns use two shapes that look pretty much the same.
It’s a big reason why so many instructors, sites, guitar apps, and forums recommend these songs to start with.
But I’ll do you one better.
I want to give you links to lots of other guitar songs you can start learning right away on Ultimate Guitar. Sorry if it throws a paywall at you though…..
* Song Example: “Knockin’ on Heaven’s Door” by Bob Dylan
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/bob-dylan/knockin-on-heavens-door-chords-66587
* Song Example: “Let It Be” by The Beatles (Simplified)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-beatles/let-it-be-chords-17427
* Song Example: “Zombie” by The Cranberries
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-cranberries/zombie-chords-844902
* Song Example: “Sweet Home Alabama” by Lynyrd Skynyrd (Main Riff)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/lynyrd-skynyrd/sweet-home-alabama-chords-849467
* Song Example: “No Woman, No Cry” by Bob Marley
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/bob-marley/no-woman-no-cry-chords-45479
* Song Example: “Don’t Stop Believin'” by Journey (Verses)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/journey/dont-stop-believin-chords-275297
* Song Example: “The A Team” by Ed Sheeran
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/ed-sheeran/the-a-team-chords-989712
* Song Example: “With Or Without You” by U2
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/u2/with-or-without-you-chords-835
* Song Example: “Twist and Shout” by The Beatles
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-beatles/twist-and-shout-chords-122350
* Song Example: “When I Come Around” by Green Day
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/green-day/when-i-come-around-chords-869949
* Song Example: “Free Fallin'” by Tom Petty
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/tom-petty/free-fallin-chords-142527
* Song Example: “Brown Eyed Girl” by Van Morrison
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/van-morrison/brown-eyed-girl-chords-819644
* Song Example: “Riptide” by Vance Joy
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/vance-joy/riptide-chords-1237247
* Song Example: “Otherside” by Red Hot Chili Peppers
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/red-hot-chili-peppers/otherside-chords-983702
* Song Example: “Save Tonight” by Eagle-Eye Cherry
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/eagle-eye-cherry/save-tonight-chords-14172
* Song Example: “Stand By Me” by Ben E. King
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/ben-e-king/stand-by-me-chords-73005
* Song Example: “Under the Bridge” by Red Hot Chili Peppers (Intro/Verse)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/red-hot-chili-peppers/under-the-bridge-chords-703476
* Song Example: “Seven Nation Army” by The White Stripes
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-white-stripes/seven-nation-army-chords-52559
* Song Example: “Every Breath You Take” by The Police
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-police/every-breath-you-take-chords-1087239
* Song Example: “So What” by Pink
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/pnk/so-what-chords-728999
* Song Example: “Take Me Home, Country Roads” by John Denver
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/john-denver/take-me-home-country-roads-chords-57606
* Song Example: “La Bamba” by Ritchie Valens
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/ritchie-valens/la-bamba-chords-1048599
* Song Example: “Stairway to Heaven” by Led Zeppelin (Intro)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/led-zeppelin/stairway-to-heaven-chords-91487
* Song Example: “Hotel California” by The Eagles (Intro)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/eagles/hotel-california-chords-46190
* Song Example: “What’s Up?” by 4 Non Blondes
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/4-non-blondes/whats-up-chords-349210
* Song Example: “Wild Thing” by The Troggs
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-troggs/wild-thing-chords-1056155
* Song Example: “Blurred Lines” by Robin Thicke
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/robin-thicke/blurred-lines-chords-1505303
* Song Example: “Hurt” by Johnny Cash (Verses)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/johnny-cash/hurt-chords-89849
* Song Example: “Something in the Way” by Nirvana
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/nirvana/something-in-the-way-chords-1721385
* Song Example: “Get Lucky” by Daft Punk (Simplified)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/daft-punk/get-lucky-chords-1239950
* Song Example: “The James Bond Theme”
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/misc-soundtrack/james-bond-theme-tabs-355787
* Song Example: “Proud Mary” by Creedence Clearwater Revival
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/creedence-clearwater-revival/proud-mary-chords-64067
* Song Example: “Yellow Submarine” by The Beatles
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-beatles/yellow-submarine-chords-672077
* Song Example: “Bad Moon Rising” by Creedence Clearwater Revival
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/creedence-clearwater-revival/bad-moon-rising-chords-15892
* Song Example: “Louie Louie” by The Kingsmen
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-kingsmen/louie-louie-chords-1049261
* Song Example: “Where Is My Mind?” by Pixies
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/pixies/where-is-my-mind-chords-89446
* Song Example: “Basket Case” by Green Day (Chorus)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/green-day/basket-case-chords-955966
* Song Example: “Let It Be” (Full progression)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-beatles/let-it-be-chords-17427
* Song Example: “I’m Yours” by Jason Mraz
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/jason-mraz/im-yours-chords-468625
* Song Example: “Ho Hey” by The Lumineers
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-lumineers/ho-hey-chords-1144876
* Song Example: “Wonderwall” by Oasis
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/oasis/wonderwall-chords-39144
* Song Example: “The Scientist” by Coldplay
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/coldplay/the-scientist-chords-180849
* Song Example: “Counting Stars” by OneRepublic
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/onerepublic/counting-stars-chords-1233464
* Song Example: “Perfect” by Ed Sheeran
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/ed-sheeran/perfect-chords-1956589
* Song Example: “You’re Beautiful” by James Blunt
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/james-blunt/youre-beautiful-chords-180394
* Song Example: “About a Girl” by Nirvana (Unplugged)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/nirvana/about-a-girl-chords-1518499
* Song Example: “Zombie” (Acoustic Version)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/the-cranberries/zombie-tabs-339583
* Song Example: “She Will Be Loved” by Maroon 5 (Capo 1)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/maroon-5/she-will-be-loved-chords-995857
* Song Example: “Under the Bridge” (Chorus)
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/red-hot-chili-peppers/under-the-bridge-tabs-3832
* Song Example: “Viva La Vida” by Coldplay
* UG Link: https://tabs.ultimate-guitar.com/tab/coldplay/viva-la-vida-chords-675427
It’s impossible to know what level of playing you’re at, but you may be an intermediate or advanced player if you’ve skipped to this section.
For my beginners, the reason to learn guitar music theory like what I’m about to show you is simply because you’ll be able to remember a lot more chords using this info.
Here’s my best tips regarding guitar chord theory:

If you just remember these tricks, you can now play a whole lot more guitar chords that you may see in tabs.
You see, knowing more chords is certainly about knowing a lot of shapes.
It’s also about knowing how chords and key signatures work so that you can see closely related chords, and thus see how songs work.
Sometime soon you’ll start hearing about I-IV-V chord progressions, I-vi-ii-V progressions, the 12 Bar Blues, and maybe ii-Vs if you get into jazz chord progressions.
I’ll tell you briefly why this is, and we’ll use the key of G major.
The key of G major is built off what we call the major scale formula, and it gives us the following notes:
G (whole step) A (whole step) B (half step) C (whole) D (whole) E (whole) F# (half) G
Whole step = 2 frets up or down a string HORIZONTALLY
Half step = 1 fret up or down
To “stay in key”, in this case G major, you can only create chords from these 7 notes.
Here’s a few chords for an example:
G major (1st note of scale/key) = G – B – D (root – 3rd – 5th)
D major (5th note of scale/key) = D – F# – A (root – 3rd – 5th)
C major (4th note of scale/key) = C – E – G (root – 3rd – 5th)
E minor (6th note of scale/key) = E – G – B (root – minor 3rd – 5th)
All the notes come from those 7 made from the formula of whole steps and half steps.
If you play a note like G#, you’ll be “out of key.”
Now try making some of the chords from the tricks I told you about:
G becomes Gmaj7 = G – B – D – F# (F# is 1 fret below the root, G)
D becomes D7 = D – F# – A – C (C is 2 frets below the root, D)
Em becomes Em7 = E – G – B – D (D is 2 frets below the root, E)
This again is probably a lot of information. If there was an easier way to tell you this, I certainly would.
Now I’m not going to reveal all my secrets here, as that’s where my courses will come in, but understanding this has massive implications…..
To reward those of you who have been reading this far, I made some images to help you remember some of the things I’ve just explained in this article:
When I was doing research for this article, I saw all sorts of wild claims about guitar chords and learning the instrument.
And it brought up another annoying pet peeve of playing guitar to me……
Knowing the CAGED chords is definitely going to allow you to play 1000s of songs, but its going to be really boring after awhile.
That’s assuming your main way to play these chords is to strum them.
If you go through the 50 songs I linked to earlier, you’ll quickly start to see that all of these songs sound the same unless you’re singing over them.
And if you read the previous section, you’ll understand why you can play 1000s of songs…..
It’s because they use the exact same chords and play in a few of the most common keys: G major, C major, D major, E minor, A minor.

So what should you do to avoid this?
I also want you to understand these realities when it comes to learning about guitar chords and playing the instrument:
This is the chord shape that unconsciously got me into playing the guitar!
It’s the backbone to metal music, punk rock, and many of the classic rock riffs you may be learning right now. It’s used by everyone from Joe Pass, Robert Johnson, and Taylor Swift.
Here’s all you need to know about the power chord guitar chord:
I don’t think many others have had the reaction to the prevalence of power chords that I’m about to tell you, but it’s been annoying how often they’re used.
Are there really no other chord shapes you can use to make hard rock music?
Yes there are but they’re harder to use. I have a whole course about these shapes in my massive product called Pentatonic Prison Break, but sorry, I’m trying to avoid pushing my own stuff.
You can easily google the word “guitar chord charts” and get more than enough chords to last you a lifetime and to avoid buying a guitar chord book of any kind.
The question you probably want answered the most is “which chart is the best?” and “how should I go about using them?
Hopefully you’ve gone through the chord theory section and already know what I’m about tell you….
Instead of trying to remember tons of shapes, it’s a much better idea to understand how chords work, how to adjust shapes to your liking, and to start understanding how chords come from musical keys and scales.
If you do this you’ll be able to assemble a chord vocabulary that looks more like the one above.
My answer to this question is…..maybe.
If you’re brand new to guitar or you’re just starting to move beyond the CAGED chord shapes then yes go for it.
My main gripe with relying on apps is that you’re avoiding the work of understanding how chords work, and thus creating your own shapes, figuring out parts of songs by ear using this knowledge, and avoiding seeing how these shapes interconnect with intervals, scales, and other chord shapes so that you can see the whole system on the fretboard.
That said though, I’m going to leave a list of guitar chord apps for you to go and try out:
I hope I’ve been able to answer a lot of questions about guitar chords in this article.
I have lots of music theory printable charts and documents that can help you learn a lot more about the fretboard, as well as courses on music theory, how chords work in genres like blues and country, as well as how to solo over progressions like those I’ve mentioned.
Let’s end this with some guitar techniques I recommend you begin using so that you won’t have to strum everything endlessly.